در حال ویرایش اثرات قهوه بر سلامتی (بخش)

== سرطان ==
تحقیقات مداوم در زمینهٔ اثرات مصرف قهوه بر خطر ابتلا به سرطان به‌طور کلی نشان داده‌است که هیچ تأثیری در این رابطه وجود ندارد<ref name="xie">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xie F, Wang D, Huang Z, Guo Y | title = Coffee consumption and risk of gastric cancer: a large updated meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = Nutrients | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 3734–3746 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25237829 | pmc = 4179186 | doi = 10.3390/nu6093734 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="akter">{{cite journal | vauthors = Akter S, Kashino I, Mizoue T, Matsuo K, Ito H, Wakai K, Nagata C, Nakayama T, Sadakane A, Tanaka K, Tamakoshi A, Sugawara Y, Sawada N, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Sasazuki S | display-authors = 6 | title = Coffee drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review and meta-analysis among the Japanese population | journal = Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume = 46 | issue = 8 | pages = 781–787 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 27174958 | doi = 10.1093/jjco/hyw059 | url = https://academic.oup.com/jjco/article/46/8/781/1751204 | url-status = live | access-date = 24 September 2019 | doi-access = free | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190929053050/https://academic.oup.com/jjco/article/46/8/781/1751204 | archive-date = 29 September 2019}}</ref> و در مورد سرطانی خاص، مثل سرطان کبد، تأثیر اندک و ناچیزی مشاهده شده‌است.<ref name="bravi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bravi F, Tavani A, Bosetti C, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C | title = Coffee and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = European Journal of Cancer Prevention | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 368–377 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 27111112 | doi = 10.1097/cej.0000000000000252 | s2cid = 25243023}}</ref><ref name="Zhao">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao LG, Li ZY, Feng GS, Ji XW, Tan YT, Li HL, Gunter MJ, Xiang YB | display-authors = 6 | title = Coffee drinking and cancer risk: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies | journal = BMC Cancer | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 101 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32024485 | pmc = 7003434 | doi = 10.1186/s12885-020-6561-9 | doi-access = free}}</ref>